6 in 7 CFOs cannot answer the board’s AI ROI question. The other 1 is guessing.

User & team-level attribution – first

Credit burn rate & accrual accuracy

Shadow AI detection

Board-ready ROI reporting

Prepaid credits are being spread evenly by Finance over the contract period masking the fact that we’re already burning through them ahead of schedule. Ternary is where the actual consumption rate lives.


The primary question I get from leadership is who is consuming AI and at what cost. Beyond that: which models are being used and whether they’re being used efficiently. The hardest and most unsolved question is measuring outcomes.


OpenAI (GPT-4, GPT-4o)

Anthropic (Claude)

AWS Bedrock

Google Vertex AI

Azure OpenAI Service

Self-hosted / open-source